2,4-disubstituted-5-thiazole-carboxylic acids and derivatives

ABSTRACT

2,4-Disubstituted-5-thiazolecarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof have been found to reduce herbicidal injury of corn, rice and sorghum plants due to the application thereto of acetamide herbicides.

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 256,335 filed Apr. 22, 1981, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,437,876, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 140,335 filed Apr. 14, 1980 (now abandoned), which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 27,959 filed Apr. 9, 1979 (now abandoned) which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 906,183 filed May 15, 1978, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,199,506.

This invention relates to novel 2,4-disubstituted-5-thiazole-carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof as well as their use in compositions and methods for reducing herbicidal injury. More specifically, the invention relates to novel compositions and methods for reducing injury to crop plants by herbicides, such as acetamides, especially acetanilides, which comprises treating the crop plant locus or the seed of the crop plant with an effective amount of a 2,4-disubstituted-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid or derivative thereof that will be described more fully below.

This application differs from its parents in that the safening agents described herein have now been found to be effective in safening acetamides not described in those applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Acetamide herbicides are very useful for controlling certain weeds, especially grasses, in the presence of growing crops. However, many of the acetamide herbicides injure certain crop plants slowing growth and development at application rates necessary to stunt or kill the weeds. Accordingly, some of the acetamide herbicides cannot be used for controlling weeds in the presence of certain crops. Obviously, a safening agent consisting of a composition that could be used to treat the seed of the crop plant, the crop plant locus or the crop plant itself, resulting in a reduction of injury due to application of the herbicide without a corresponding reduction of herbicidal action on the weed, would be quite beneficial.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the novel aspects of the present invention, injury to crop plants, such as corn, rice and sorghum, due to application thereto of acetamide herbicides, especially acetanilide herbicides such as 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (hereinafter referred to by its common name, alachlor), 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide (hereinafter referred to by its common name, butachlor), 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (hereinafter referred to by its common name, propachlor), N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide, N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2,5-dimethyl-1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide, 2-chloro-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide, 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide, N-chloro-acetyl-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine, ethyl ester, and 2-chloro-2',3'-dimethyl-N-(isopropyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2',6'-dimethyl-N-(1-pyrazolylmethyl)-acetanilide, 2-chloro-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N-(propoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-isobutoxy-6'-methyl-N-(propoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-isobutoxy-6'-ethyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide and 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-ethoxy-N-(propoxymethyl)-acetanilide may be reduced without a corresponding reduction in injury to the weeds by application to the crop plant locus or the seed of the crop plant prior to planting of an effective amount of a safening agent comprising a 2,4-disubstituted-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid or derivative thereof having the formula ##STR1## wherein n is zero or one; X is selected from the group consisting of chloro, bromo, iodo, lower alkoxy, phenoxy and phenoxy substituted by one or two groups independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and halogen; R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl having up to nine carbon atoms, haloalkyl and trialkoxy methyl; when n is one, R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, agriculturally acceptable cations, alkyl (1-10 carbon atoms being preferred), lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkoxy lower alkyl, haloalkyl, benzyl, phenyl and phenyl substituted by one or two members independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl and nitro; when n is zero, R' is selected from the group consisting of chloro, amino and mono- or di-lower alkylamino.

All of the compounds of the above formula are believed to be novel except those in which R is alkyl.

As used herein, the terms "lower alkyl", "lower alkenyl", "lower alkoxy" and "lower alkynyl" are understood to include alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups having up to five carbon atoms, inclusive.

The terms "alkyl", "alkenyl" and "alkynyl" are understood to include branched and unbranched groups. When R' is lower alkenyl, allyl is preferred. When R' is lower alkynyl, propargyl is preferred.

The term "haloalkyl" is understood to mean those alkyl moieties having up to five carbon atoms wherein at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a halogen atom. Specifically included are those alkyl moieties in which all of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms, such as trifluoromethyl.

The term "agriculturally acceptable cations" is understood to mean those cations that are commonly used to form the salt of the free acid. Such cations include, but are not limited to, alkali metal, alkaline earth, substituted amine and ammonium cations.

The amount of safening agent employed in the method and compositions of the invention will vary depending upon the particular herbicide with which the agent is employed, the rate of application of the herbicide, the crop to be protected as well as the manner of application of the safening agent. In each instance, the amount employed is a safening effective amount, i.e., the amount which reduces crop injury by the acetamide herbicide.

The safening agent may be applied to the plant locus in a mixture with the herbicide, sequentially or it may be applied directly to the seed of the crop plant. By application to the "plant locus" is meant application to the plant growing medium, such as the soil, as well as the seeds, emerging seedlings, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits or other plant parts.

The amount of herbicide employed is well within the skill of the art and is disclosed in various patents. Propachlor and its herbicidal use is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,863,752 and U.S. Pat. No. Re. 26,961. Alachlor, butachlor and 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide and their herbicidal use are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,442,945 and 3,547,620. U.S. Pat. No. 3,937,730 discloses and claims 2-chloro-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide. The herbicidal use of N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide and N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2,5-dimethyl-1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide is disclosed in Application Ser. No. 897,472, filed Apr. 18, 1978 by John P. Chupp.

The herbicidal use of 2-chloro-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide and 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide is disclosed in Application Ser. No. 133,718, filed Mar. 25, 1980 by John P. Chupp. The herbicidal use of 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N-(propoxymethyl)acetanilide and 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-ethoxy-N-(propoxymethyl)acetanilide is disclosed in Application Ser. No. 133,695 filed Mar. 25, 1980 by Gerhard H. Alt.

To illustrate the effectiveness of the 2,4-disubstituted 5-thiazolecarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, the following examples are presented. These examples are presented merely as being illustrative of the novel aspects of the invention and are not intended to be a limitation as to the scope thereof.

EXAMPLE 1

A good grade of top soil is placed in a container and compacted to a depth of approximately 1.27 cm. from the top of said container. A predetermined number of seeds of each of the crop species to be tested are placed on top of the soil. A quantity of soil sufficient to substantially fill the container is measured and placed in a second container. A measured quantity of the safening agent dispersed or dissolved in a suitable carrier is applied to the soil in the second container. A measured quantity of the acetamide herbicide dispersed or dissolved in a suitable carrier is then sprayed on the soil already treated with the safening agent. The soil containing the safening agent and herbicide is thoroughly mixed. This mixing is sometimes referred to as incorporation of the herbicide and safening agent into the soil. The mixing or incorporation provides a substantially uniform distribution of the safening agent and herbicide throughout the soil. The seeds are covered with the soil containing the safening agent and acetamide herbicide and the pots are leveled. The pots are then placed on a sand bench in the greenhouse and watered from below as needed. The plants are observed at the end of approximately 21 days and the results in terms of percent inhibition of each seed lot are recorded. For each test series, a pot is also prepared containing no acetamide herbicide and no safening agent as a control. Additionally, for each test, pots are prepared with soil covering the seed containing no acetamide herbicide and only the measured amount of safening agent being incorporated into the soil covering the seeds to ascertain any herbicidal effect of the safening agent alone. For each series of tests, the herbicidal effect of the acetamide herbicide is observed from pots treated with the same quantity of herbicide alone. The "safening effect" is determined by adding the herbicidal effect of the acetamide herbicide when applied alone to the herbicidal effect of the safening agent when applied alone (in no instance, however, will this sum be greater than 100) and substracting from that the herbicidal effect obtained when both the herbicide and safening agent are incorporated into the soil as discussed above.

Table I summarizes the results obtained when the compounds of the invention were tested in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 utilizing alachlor as the herbicide.

                                      TABLE I                                      __________________________________________________________________________                                                 Rate of                                                               Rate of Safening                                                                        Herbicide                          Safening Agent                     Agent (kg/h)                                                                            (kg/h)                                                                               Crop Safening                __________________________________________________________________________                                                            Effect                  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                  8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             60                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice 20                      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-ethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                      8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             64                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice 25                      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             65                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                    8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             75                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Butyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             53                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 58                      Hexyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             43                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 33                      Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             38                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 23                      Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             30                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       p-Chlorophenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             30                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 20                      Ethyl 2-phenoxy-4-triflouromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             55                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 30                      Ethyl 2-ethoxy-4-triethoxymethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             55                           "                             8.96     2.24  rice 70                      Allyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             55                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 70                      2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid                                                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             70                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             40                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       Isopropyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             75                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             50                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                      8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             65                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 28                      β-trichloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                            8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             70                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       Methyl 2-chloro-4-heptafluoropropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                         4.48     2.24  sorghum                                                                             20                          "                              4.48     2.24  rice *                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-pentafluoroethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             55                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 63                      Ethyl 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             40                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 75                      Ethyl 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             40                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice 20                      2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid chloride                                                     8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             40                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       N,N--diethyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide                                                     8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             23                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice 25                      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trichloromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice 25                      Triethanolamine salt of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic        acid                               8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             57                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       Ethyl 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       Diethylamine salt of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic                                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             22                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       Isopropylamine salt of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic         acid                               8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             42                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             93                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             95                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             87                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             75                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 53                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 25                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 25                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice 35                      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                  8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             90                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             85                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             70                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             55                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 65                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 64                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice 25                      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-ethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                      8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             80                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             58                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             57                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             24                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 80                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 84                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                    8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             99                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             89                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             85                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             40                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 55                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 30                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 45                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Butyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoro-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             55                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             55                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             60                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 38                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 38                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Hexyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoro-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             45                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             45                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             60                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 43                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 40                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 48                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             45                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             80                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             60                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             55                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 88                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 30                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 38                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice 28                      Ethyl 2-phenoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             25                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             50                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             25                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             45                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 48                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 45                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Ethyl 2-ethoxy-4-triethoxymethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             35                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             20                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     0.56  rice *                           "                              8.96     1.12  rice *                           "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Allyl 2 chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             30                           "                             8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             60                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             45                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             65                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 73                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 20                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 23                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             75                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             60                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             65                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             60                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 58                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 32                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 20                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       p-Chlorophenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             75                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             70                                                         8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             65                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             65                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 43                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 32                           "                             8.96     2.24  rice 25                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Isopropyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             55                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             47                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             40                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             28                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 75                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 50                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 20                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       β-trichloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                            8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             60                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             57                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             55                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             40                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 50                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 50                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 35                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Ethyl 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             73                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             70                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             65                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             65                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 60                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 60                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 45                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice 20                      Ethyl 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                              8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             80                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             75                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             75                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             78                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 34                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 36                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice 23                      2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid chloride                                                     8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             80                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             60                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     0.56  rice *                           "                              8.96     1.12  rice *                           "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       N,N--diethyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide                                                     8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             25                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     0.56  rice 45                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice *                           "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trichloromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             45                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             *                           "                              8.96     0.56  rice 75                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 55                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 45                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice 50                      Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             80                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             75                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             70                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             73                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice *                            "                             8.96     1.12  rice *                           "                              8.96     2.24  rice 28                          "                              8.96     4.48  rice 38                      Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             90                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             100                         "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             80                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             75                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 44                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 26                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                      8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             80                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             85                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             80                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             70                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 39                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 26                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice 23                      β-chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                               8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             80                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             70                           "                             8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             70                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             70                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 34                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 26                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid                                                              8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             68                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             73                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             51                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             43                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice 55                          "                              8.96     1.12  rice 35                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice *                           "                              8.96     4.48  rice *                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-pentafluoroethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96     0.56  sorghum                                                                             25                          "                              8.96     1.12  sorghum                                                                             65                          "                              8.96     2.24  sorghum                                                                             50                          "                              8.96     4.48  sorghum                                                                             48                          "                              8.96     0.56  rice *                           "                              8.96     1.12  rice 25                          "                              8.96     2.24  rice 35                           "                             8.96     4.48  rice 30                      __________________________________________________________________________      *Safening effect was between 0 and 20                                    

Table II summarizes the results obtained when the compounds of the invention were tested in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 utilizing butachlor as the herbicide.

                                      TABLE II                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                         Rate of Rate of                                                                Safening                                                                               Herbicide    Safening              Safening Agent                      Agent (kg/h)                                                                           (kg/h) Crop  Effect                __________________________________________________________________________     Ethyl 2-chloro-4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                   8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              60                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  33                    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-ethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                       8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              60                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  70                    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              75                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  20                    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                     8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              28                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  70                    Butyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              40                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  62                    Hexyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              40                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  47                    Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              40                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  37                    Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              *                         "                               8.96    4.48   rice  55                    p-Chlorophenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              20                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  55                    Ethyl 2-phenoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              28                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  68                    Ethyl 2-ethoxy-4-triethoxymethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              28                         "                              8.96    4.48   rice  50                    Allyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              *                         "                               8.96    4.48   rice  50                    2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid                                                               8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              62                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  68                    Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              62                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  53                    Isopropyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                         8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              37                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  *                     Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              22                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  57                    Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                       8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              67                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  57                    β-trichloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                             8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              32                        "                               8.96    4.48   rice  27                    Methyl 2-chloro-4-heptafluoropropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                          8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              *                         "                               8.96    4.48   rice  59                    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-pentafluoroethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              *                         "                               8.96    4.48   rice  45                    Ethyl 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                              8.96    4.48   sorghum                                                                              *                         "                               8.96    4.48   rice  70                    Ethyl 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                               8.96    6.72   sorghum                                                                              23                        "                               8.96    6.72   rice  47                    2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid chloride                                                      8.96    6.72   sorghum                                                                              *                         "                               8.96    6.72   rice  *                     N,N--diethyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide                                                      8.96    6.72   sorghum                                                                              45                        "                               8.96    6.72   rice  70                    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trichloromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96    6.72   sorghum                                                                              33                        "                               8.96    6.72   rice  30                    Triethanolamine salt of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic        acid                                8.96    6.72   sorghum                                                                              20                        "                               8.96    6.72   rice  *                     Diethylamine salt of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazole-carboxylic          acid                                8.96    6.72   sorghum                                                                              40                        "                               8.96    6.72   rice  *                     Isopropylamine salt of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic         acid                                8.96    6.72   sorghum                                                                              35                        "                               8.96    6.72   rice  20                    Ethyl 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96    6.72   sorghum                                                                              *                         "                               8.96    6.72   rice  30                    __________________________________________________________________________      *Safening effect was between 0 and 20                                    

EXAMPLE 2

A good grade of top soil is placed in a plastic pot. A measured quantity of the safening agent dispersed or dissolved in a suitable carrier is sprayed on the soil surface. A measured quantity of butachlor herbicide dissolved in a solvent is sprayed on the soil surface. Pre-soaked rice is seeded into the pots that were previously flooded with water. The pots are flooded at least up to the soil surface for the duration of the test. The plants are observed at the end of approximately 21 days and the results in terms of the percent inhibition of rice are recorded. As in Example 1, for each test pots are prepared containing soil treated only with butachlor. For each test, pots are also prepared containing soil treated only with the safening agent. The safening effect is determined in accordance with Example 1.

Table III summarizes the results obtained when the compounds of the invention were tested in accordance with the procedure of Example 2.

                                      TABLE III                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                                   Rate of Herbicide                Safening Agent                 Rate of Safening Agent (kg/h)                                                                 (kg/h)   Safening                __________________________________________________________________________                                                            Effect                  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                1.12           0.14     34                          "                          1.12           0.56     *                       Butyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        0.56           0.07     *                           "                          0.56           0.28     25                          "                          0.56           1.12     *                       Hexyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        0.56           0.07     *                           "                          0.56           0.28     25                          "                          0.56           1.12     22                      Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        0.56           0.07     24                          "                          0.56           0.28     53                          "                          0.56           1.12     30                      Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                       0.56           0.07     30                          "                          0.56           0.28     61                          "                          0.56           1.12     30                      p-Chlorophenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                               0.56           0.07     29                          "                          0.56           0.28     42                          "                          0.56           1.12     25                      Ethyl 2-phenoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                       0.56           0.07     *                           "                          0.56           0.28     35                          "                          0.56           1.12     *                       Ethyl 2-ethoxy-4-triethoxymethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        0.56           0.07     *                           "                          0.56           0.28     *                           "                          0.56           1.12     *                       Allyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        0.56           0.07     *                           "                          0.56           0.28     40                          "                          0.56           1.12     *                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-ethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                                  1.12           0.14     *                           "                          1.12           0.56     *                       2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid                                                          0.56           0.07     36                          "                          0.56           0.28     35                          "                          0.56           1.12     *                       Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                       0.56           0.07     44                          "                          0.56           0.28     67                          "                          0.56           1.12     *                       Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                       0.56           0.07     44                          "                          0.56           0.28     75                          "                          0.56           1.12     20                      Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                  0.56           0.07     46                          "                          0.56           0.28     72                          "                          0.56           1.12     *                       β-chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                           0.56           0.07     46                          "                          0.56           0.28     75                          "                          0.56           1.12     30                      Ethyl 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                         0.56           0.07     *                           "                          0.56           0.28     70                          "                          0.56           1.12     32                      Ethyl 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                          0.56           0.07     *                           "                          0.56           0.28     50                          "                          0.56           1.12     *                       Ethyl 2-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        0.56           0.07     *                           "                          0.56           0.28     *                           "                          0.56           1.12     *                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-pentafluoroethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                       0.56           0.07     40                          "                          0.56           0.28     24                          "                          0.56           1.12     *                       N,N--diethyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide                                                 0.56           0.07     35                          "                          0.56           0.28     59                          "                          0.56           1.12     *                       __________________________________________________________________________      *Safening effect was between 0 and 20                                    

As noted previously, the 2,4-disubstituted-5-thiazolecarboxylates may be used to protect crops from the herbicidal activity of acetamide herbicides without a corresponding diminution in herbicidal activity to the weeds. Examples 3-6 are illustrative of such activity.

EXAMPLE 3

A good grade of top soil is placed in a plastic pot and compacted to a depth of approximately 1.27 cm. from the top of said pot. A predetermined number of crop seeds and weed seeds are placed on top of the soil. A cover layer, approximately 1.27 cm., is placed on top of said seeds. The soil is then treated with a mixture of the safening agent and alachlor dispersed or dissolved in a suitable solvent. For each test series, pots are treated with only the herbicide. Additionally, pots are treated with only the safening agent. The herbicidal effect is observed approximately 21 days after treatment.

Tables IV-IX summarize the results obtained when the compounds of the invention were tested in accordance with the procedure of Example 3. Each table represents the results of different tests using said procedure. Note that in each test a control is used in which the plants are treated with various rates of the herbicide alone.

                                      TABLE IV                                     __________________________________________________________________________     Rate of                      Rate of                                           Herbicide                    Safening                                                                              Percent Inhibition                         (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent         Agent (kg/h)                                                                          Sorghum                                                                             Green Foxtail                                                                          Crabgrass                                                                            Grass                   __________________________________________________________________________      0.035                                                                                   --                 --      0   98      93    99                      0.14      --                 --     33   100     99    100                     0.56      --                 --     50   100     99    100                     2.24      --                 --     95   100     100   100                     --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                      0.14    0    0       0     0                       0.035                                                                                   "                  0.14    0   95      97    93                      0.14      "                  0.14   10   100     99    99                      0.56      "                  0.14    8   99      99    99                      2.24      "                  0.14   93   100     100   100                     --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                      0.56    0    0       0     0                       0.035                                                                                   "                  0.56    0   99      99    97                      0.14      "                  0.56    3   99      99    100                     0.56      "                  0.56   20   100     99    99                      2.24      "                  0.56   68   100     100   100                     --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                      2.24    0    0       0     0                       0.035                                                                                   "                  2.24    0   99      93    97                      0.14      "                  2.24    3   98      99    100                     0.56      "                  2.24   25   100     99    100                     2.24      "                  2.24   78   100     100   100                     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE V                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Rate of                      Rate of                                           Herbicide                    Safening                                                                              Percent Inhibition                         (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent         Agent (kg/h)                                                                          Sorghum                                                                             Green Foxtail                                                                          Crabgrass                                                                            Barnyard                __________________________________________________________________________                                                            Grass                    0.035                                                                                   --                 --     10   83      92    91                      0.14      --                 --     10   93      96    99                      0.56      --                 --     35   99      99    100                     2.24      --                 --     87   100     99    100                     --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        0.14    3    0       3     0                       0.035                                                                                   "                  0.14    3   75      93    93                      0.14      "                  0.14   10   90      96    99                      0.56      "                  0.14   18   98      99    99                      2.24      "                  0.14   65   100     99    100                     --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                        0.56    3    0       0     0                       0.035                                                                                   "                  0.56    3   53      90    89                      0.14      "                  0.56    8   88      95    100                     0.56      "                  0.56   30   97      98    100                     2.24      "                  0.56   48   100     99    100                     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE VI                                     __________________________________________________________________________     Rate of                                   Percent Inhibition                   Herbicide                        Rate of Safening                                                                              Green     Barnyard             (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent             Agent (kg/h)                                                                            Sorghum                                                                              Foxtail                                                                            Crabgrass                                                                            Grass                __________________________________________________________________________      0.035                                                                                   --                     --       0     17  83    96                   0.14      --                     --       32    70  97    98                   0.56      --                     --       77    97  99    99                   2.24      --                     --       92    98  99    100                  --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    0.14     0      0   0     0                    0.035                                                                                   "                      0.14     0     25  83    75                   0.14      "                      0.14     10    68  99    99                   0.56      "                      0.14     3     90  99    100                  2.24      "                      0.14     40    100 99    100                  --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    0.56     0      0   0     0                    0.035                                                                                   "                      0.56     0      8  70    78                   0.14      "                      0.56     0     73  99    97                   0.56      "                      0.56     5     93  99    99                   2.24      "                      0.56     15    100 100   100                  --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    2.24     0      0   0     0                    0.035                                                                                   "                      2.24     0      3  40    40                   0.14      "                      2.24     0     58  90    99                   0.56      "                      2.24     5     92  100   100                  2.24      "                      2.24     5     99  100   100                  __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE VII                                    __________________________________________________________________________     Rate of                             Rate of                                                                               Percent Inhibition                  Herbicide                           Safening     Green                                                                              Crab-                                                                               Barnyard             (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent                Agent (kg/h)                                                                          Sorghum                                                                              Foxtail                                                                            grass                                                                               Grass                __________________________________________________________________________     0.14      --                        --     63    95  93    99                  0.56      --                        --     95    99  99   100                  2.24      --                        --     99    100 99   100                  --    Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                      0.14   10     0   0    0                   0.14      "                         0.14   40    98  95    99                  0.56      "                         0.14   55    99  99   100                  2.24      "                         0.14   93    99  99   100                  --    Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                      0.56    0     0   0    0                   0.14      "                         0.56   13    97  98    98                  0.56      "                         0.56   55    99  99   100                  2.24      "                         0.56   73    99  99   100                  --    Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                      0.14    0     0   0    0                   0.14      "                         0.14   55    97  93    98                  0.56      "                         0.14   65    99  99   100                  2.24      "                         0.14   88    100 99   100                  --    Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                      0.56    0     0   0    0                   0.14      "                         0.56   35    95  95    99                  0.56      "                         0.56   58    99  99   100                  2.24      "                         0.56   88    99  99   100                  --    Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                 0.14    0     0   0    0                   0.14      "                         0.14   28    97  97   100                  0.56      "                         0.14   70    99  99   100                  2.24      "                         0.14   90    100 99   100                  --    Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                 0.56    0     0   0    0                   0.14      "                         0.56   40    97  95    99                  0.56      "                         0.56   58    98  98    99                  2.24      "                         0.56   95    99  99   100                  --    2'-Chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                              0.14    0     0   0    0                   0.14      "                         0.14   50    98  98    99                  0.56      "                         0.14   75    99  99   100                  2.24      "                         0.14   88    99  99   100                  --    2'-Chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                              0.56    0     0   0    0                   0.14      "                         0.56   13    98  98    99                  0.56      "                         0.56   58    98  99    99                  2.24      "                         0.56   75    100 100  100                  __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE VIII                                   __________________________________________________________________________                                              Rate of                                                                             Percent Inhibition               Rate of                                  Safening          Barn-               Herbicide                                Agent     Green                                                                              Crab-                                                                              yard                (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent                     (kg/h)                                                                              Sorghum                                                                             Foxttail                                                                           grass                                                                              Grass               __________________________________________________________________________     1.12      --                             --   70   100  99  99                 2.24      --                             --   83   100 100  99                 4.48      --                             --   97   100 100 100                 --    Ethyl 2-phenoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96  0    0   0   0                  1.12      "                              8.96  5   100  99 100                 2.24      "                              8.96  8   100 100 100                 4.48      "                              8.96 35   100 100 100                 --    2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid                                                              8.96 10    0   0   0                  1.12      "                              8.96 40   100 100 100                 2.24      "                              8.96 60   100 100 100                 4.48      "                              8.96 65   100 100 100                 --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-pentafluoroethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                           8.96  0    0   0   0                  1.12      "                              8.96 10   100  99  99                 2.24      "                              8.96 50   100 100 100                 4.48      "                              8.96 65   100 100 100                 --    Ethyl 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96  0    0   0   0                  1.12      "                              8.96  5   100 100 100                 2.24      "                              8.96 13   100 100 100                 4.48      "                              8.96 38   100 100 100                 --    Ethyl 2-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96  0    0   0   0                  1.12      "                              8.96 15   100 100  99                 2.24      "                              8.96 33   100 100 100                 4.48      "                              8.96 40   100 100 100                 --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trichloromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96  0    0   0   0                  1.12      "                              8.96 25   100  99  99                 2.24      "                              8.96 60   100 100 100                 4.48      "                              8.96 80   100 100 100                 --    N,N--diethyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide                                                     8.96  0    0   0   0                  1.12      "                              8.96 80   100 100 100                 2.24      "                              8.96 98   100 100 100                 4.48      "                              8.96 98   100 100 100                 --    Triethanolamine salt of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxy           lic acid                           8.96  5   100  99  99                 1.12      "                              8.96 68   100 100 100                 2.24      "                              8.96 94   100 100 100                 4.48      "                              8.96 100  100 100 100                 __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE IX                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                     Rate of                                        Rate of                         Safening                                                                            Percent Inhibition                        Herbicide                       Agent        Barnyard                                                                            Crab-    Green               (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent            (kg/h)                                                                              Rice                                                                              Sorghum                                                                             Grass                                                                               grass                                                                              Panicum                                                                             Foxtail             __________________________________________________________________________     1.12      --                    --   78 58   100   99 100   99                 2.24      --                    --   85 99   100  100 100  100                 4.48      --                    --   97 99   100  100 100  100                 --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96  0  0    0    0   0    0                  1.12      "                     8.96 78 30   100  100 100  100                 2.24      "                     8.96 73 28   100  100 100  100                 4.48      "                     8.96 90 55   100  100 100  100                 --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96  0  0    0    0   0    0                  1.12      "                     8.96 73  3   100  100  99   99                 2.24       "                    8.96 78 23   100  100 100  100                 4.48      "                     8.96 85 30   100  100 100  100                 --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-ethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96  0  0    0    0   0    0                  1.12      "                     8.96 60 30   100   99 100   99                 2.24      "                     8.96 85 75   100  100 100  100                 4.48      "                     8.96 88 73   100  100 100  100                 __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 4

The procedure of Example 3 is repeated wherein the herbicide used is butachlor. Table X summarizes results obtained in accordance with this procedure.

                                      TABLE X                                      __________________________________________________________________________                                     Rate of                                        Rate of                         Safening                                                                            Percent Inhibition                        Herbicide                       Agent        Barnyard                                                                            Crab-                        (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent            (kg/h)                                                                              Rice                                                                              Sorghum                                                                             Grass                                                                               grass                                                                              Panicum                                                                             Foxtail             __________________________________________________________________________     2.24      --                    --   50 50   100  100  99  100                 4.48      --                    --   78 60   100  100 100  100                 8.96      --                    --   93 88   100  100 100  100                 2.24  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                            8.96 33  8   100  100 100  100                 4.48      "                     8.96 53 18   100  100 100  100                 8.96      "                     8.96 80 28   100  100 100  100                 2.24  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96 20  0   100  100 100  100                 4.48      "                     8.96 55 20   100  100 100  100                 8.96      "                     8.96 68 13   100  100 100  100                 2.24  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-ethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                             8.96 20 13   100  100 100  100                 4.48      "                     8.96 20 15   100  100 100  100                 8.96      "                     8.96 53 20   100  100 100  100                 __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 5

5.08 cm. of a good grade of top soil is placed in a 7.62 cm. deep plastic pot. A predetermined number of barnyard grass seeds are applied to the soil surface. A measured quantity of the safening agent dispersed or dissolved in a suitable carrier is sprayed on the soil surface. A measured quantity of butachlor herbicide dissolved in a solvent is sprayed on the soil surface. Pre-soaked rice is seeded into the pots that were previously flooded with water. The pots are flooded just above the soil surface for the duration of the test. The plants are observed at the end of approximately 21 days and the results in terms of percent inhibition recorded. For each test, a pot is prepared containing soil treated only with butachlor. For each test, pots are prepared containing soil treated only with the safening agent. Tables XI, XII and XIII represent the results of three separate tests conducted in accordance with the procedure of Example 5.

                                      TABLE XI                                     __________________________________________________________________________     Rate of Herbicide                                   Percent Inhibition         (kg/h)   Safening Agent              Rate of Safening Agent                                                                        Riceh)                                                                            Barnyard                __________________________________________________________________________                                                            Grass                   0.07         --                      --             31 99                      0.28         --                      --             74 100                     1.12         --                      --             98 100                     --       Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    0.07            0  0                      0.07         "                       0.07            0 97                      0.28         "                       0.07           38 99                      1.12         "                       0.07           90 100                     --       Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    0.28            0  0                      0.07         "                       0.28            8 98                      0.28         "                       0.28           25 99                      1.12         "                       0.28           68 100                     --       Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    1.12            0  0                      0.07         "                       1.12            0 92                      0.28         "                       1.12           23 100                     1.12         "                       1.12           63 100                     --       Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    0.07             0                                                                                0                      0.07         "                       0.07            5 95                      0.28         "                       0.07           68 99                      1.12         "                       0.07           95 100                     --       Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    0.28            0  0                      0.07         "                       0.28            0 98                      0.28         "                       0.28           35 99                      1.12         "                       0.28           68 100                     --       Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    1.12            0  0                      0.07         "                       1.12            0 97                      0.28         "                       1.12           20 99                      1.12         "                       1.12           55 100                     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE XII                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                               Rate of Safening                                                                        Percent Inhibition          Rate of Herbicide (kg/h)                                                                   Safening Agent                Agent (kg/h)                                                                            Rice                                                                               Barnyard                __________________________________________________________________________                                                            Grass                   0.07            --                        --       56  91                      0.28            --                        --       94  99                      1.12            --                        --       100 100                     --          Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                       0.07      0   0                      0.07            "                         0.07     40  85                      0.28            "                         0.07     73  99                      1.12            "                         0.07     99  100                     --          Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                       0.28      0   0                      0.07            "                         0.28      5  90                      0.28            "                         0.28     73  99                      1.12            "                         0.28     97  100                     --          Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                       1.12      0   0                      0.07            "                         1.12     15  97                      0.28            "                         1.12     70  99                      1.12            "                         1.12     99  100                     --          Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                 0.07      0   0                      0.07             "                        0.07     43  92                      0.28            "                         0.07     83  99                      1.12            "                         0.07     100 100                     --          Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                 0.28      0   0                      0.07            "                         0.28     18  93                      0.28            "                         0.28     48  99                      1.12            "                         0.28     95  100                     --          Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                 1.12      0   0                      0.07            "                         1.12      0  90                      0.28            "                         1.12     48  99                      1.12            "                         1.12     97  100                     chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                               0.07                           0        0                          0.07            "                         0.07     30  95                      0.28            "                         0.07     53  99                      1.12            "                         0.07     98  100                     chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                               0.28                           0        0                          0.07            "                         0.28      5  93                      0.28            "                         0.28     48  99                      1.12            "                         0.28     98  100                     chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                               1.12                           0        0                          0.07            "                         1.12      0  83                      0.28            "                         1.12     20  99                      1.12            "                         1.12     85  100                     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE XIII                                   __________________________________________________________________________                                               Rate of Safening                                                                        Percent Inhibition          Rate of Herbicide (kg/h)                                                                    Safening Agent               Agent (kg/h)                                                                            Rice                                                                               Barnyard                __________________________________________________________________________                                                            Grass                   0.07             --                       --        65  95                     0.28             --                       --        93 100                     1.12             --                       --       100 100                     --           Methyl 2-chloro-4-heptafluoropropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   0.56      0   0                      0.07             "                        0.56      55  99                     0.28             "                        0.56     100 100                     1.12             "                        0.56     100 100                     __________________________________________________________________________      *Mean of two replicates                                                  

EXAMPLE 6

A good grade of top soil is placed in a container and compacted to a depth of approximately 1.27 cm. from the top of said container. A predetermined number of sorghum, green foxtail, crabgrass and barnyard grass were applied to the soil surface. The seeds were then covered with top soil and the surface was treated with a mixture of the herbicide and safening agent. The plants are observed at the end of approximately 18 days and the results in terms of percent inhibition recorded. Table XIV summarizes the results of tests conducted in accordance with Example 6.

                                      TABLE XIV                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                                   Percent Inhibition                                Rate of               Rate of             Barn-                                Herbicide             Safening    green                                                                              Crab-                                                                              yard-               Herbicide        (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent  Agent (kg/h)                                                                          Sorghum                                                                             Foxtail                                                                            grass                                                                              grass               __________________________________________________________________________     Alachlor         0.14  --              --     10   99  95  100                 Alachlor         0.56  --              --     80   99  99  100                 Alachlor         2.24  --              --     85   100 100 100                 --               --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.14    0    0   0   0                                         5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   --               --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.56    5    0   0   0                                         5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   --               --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              2.24   15    0   0   0                                         5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   Alachlor         0.14  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.14    0   99  99  99                                         5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   Alachlor         0.56  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.14   20   99  99  100                                        5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   Alachlor         2.24  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.14   55   100 100 100                                        5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   Alachlor         0.14  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.56    0   98  99  99                                         5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   Alachlor         0.56  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.56     5  99  99  99                                         5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   Alachlor         2.24  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.56   55   100 100 99                                         5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   Alachlor         0.14  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              2.24   25   97  98  99                                         5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   Alachlor         0.56  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              2.24   13   100 99  99                                         5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   Alachlor         2.24  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              2.24   38   100 100 100                                        5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                0.14  --              --     13   97  97  98                  ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                               2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                0.56  --              --     60   98  99  99                  ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                               2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                2.24  --              --     84   99  100 100                 ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                               2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                0.14  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.14    0   98  98  98                  ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                                      5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                0.56  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.14    0   99  99  99                  ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                                      5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                2.24  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.14   70   100 100 100                 ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                                      5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                0.14  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.56    8   98  97  98                  ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                                      5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                0.56  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.56   10   99  99  99                  ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                                      5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                2.24  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              0.56   15   100 100 100                 ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                                      5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                0.14  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              2.24   10   98  98  99                  ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                                      5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                0.56  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              2.24   10   100 99  100                 ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                                      5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methyl-                                                                2.24  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                              2.24   15   100 100 100                 ethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                                      5-thiazolecarboxylate                                   __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 7

A predetermined number of corn, sorghum and rice seeds were placed on top of a good grade of top soil. The cover layer was then treated with an appropriate amount of safening agent. A cover layer of soil treated with the appropriate herbicide was placed on top of the seeds. The plants were observed at the end of approximately 21 days and the results in terms of percent inhibition recorded. Table XV summarizes the results of tests conducted in accordance with Example 7.

                                      TABLE XV                                     __________________________________________________________________________                          Rate of                Rate of                                                 Herbicide              Safening                                                                              Percent Inhibition          Herbicide            (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent   Agent (kg/h)                                                                          Sorghum                                                                              Rice                                                                              Corn               __________________________________________________________________________     Alachlor             0.56  --               --     88    98  0                 Alachlor             4.48  --               --     99    100                                                                               25                 --                   --    Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96    0     0  0                                            5-thiazolecarboxylate                               Alachlor             0.56  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96    5    83  0                                            5-thiazolecarboxylate                               Alachlor             4.48  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96   58    100                                                                               30                                            5-thiazolecarboxylate                               Butachlor            1.12  --               --     30    20  0                 Butachlor            8.96  --               --     85    95 20                 Butachlor            1.12  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96    0     0  0                                            5-thiazolecarboxylate                               Butachlor            8.96  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96   25    38 33                                            5-thiazolecarboxylate                               2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-                                                              0.56  --               --     50    73  8                 6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                       2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-                                                              4.48  --               --     97    100                                                                               43                 6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                       2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-                                                              0.56  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96    0    55 10                 6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide   5-thiazolecarboxylate                               2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-                                                              4.48  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96   75    100                                                                               10                 6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide   5-thiazolecarboxylate                               __________________________________________________________________________

As noted above, crop plants may be protected from herbicidal activity by treating the crop seed with the safening agent prior to planting. Example 8 illustrates such activity.

EXAMPLE 8

Sorghum seeds were treated with a solution of the appropriate safeing agent in dichloromethane. The solvent was evaporated which left only the safening agent on the seed. Untreated and treated sorghum seeds were planted in pots. Selected weed species were planted in separate pots. 1.27 cm. deep soil cover layer was placed on the pre-seeded pots. The soil surface was then treated with the herbicide. Approximately 21 days later, the results were observed and recorded. Table XVI summarizes the results observed when tests were conducted in accordance with Example 8.

    TABLE XVI       Percent Sorghum Inhibition Seed Treatment Concentration (grams of      safening agent/kilograms of seed) Herbicide Rate of Herbicide (kg/h)      Safening Agent 0 0.6 2.5 10        Alachlor -- Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0      0 0 15 Alachlor 0.14 Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxyla      te 83 0 0 13 Alachlor 0.56 Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecar      boxylate 96 0 0 25 Alachlor 2.24 Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiaz      olecarboxylate 98 18  13        35 Alachlor -- Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0 0 5      25 Alachlor 0.14 Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 23 3 0      10 Alachlor 0.56 Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 65 0 0      0 Alachlor 2.24 Ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 80 30  28       28 2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide --      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0 0 0 20      2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide 0.07      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0 0 0 23      2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide 0.14      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  5 0 0 15      2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide 0.28      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0 0 0 45      2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide 0.56      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 25 0 0 25      2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide 1.12      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 40 5 0 35      2-Chloro-N--(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'ethyl-o-acetotoluidide 2.24      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-tri-fluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 73 15  13  23      Alachlor -- Butyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0 0      0 10 Alachlor 0.28 Butyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       83 0 5 13 Alachlor 1.12 Butyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarbo      xylate 96 5 8 15 Alachlor 4.48 Butyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazol      ecarboxylate 98 13        8 18 Alachlor -- Hexyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       0 0 5 18 Alachlor 0.28 Hexyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarbox      ylate 83 8 13        30 Alachlor 1.12 Hexyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       96 8 13        33 Alachlor 4.48 Hexyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       98 13  15        35 Alachlor -- Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      0 0 0 13 Alachlor 0.28 Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxy      late 83 10  10        13 Alachlor 1.12 Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       96 8 5 10 Alachlor 4.48 Octyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarbo      xylate 98 25  23        23 Alachlor -- Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       0 0 0 10 Alachlor 0.28 Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarbox      ylate 83 10  10        18 Alachlor 1.12 Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylat      e 96 5 5 20 Alachlor 4.48 Phenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecar      boxylate 98 13  15        35 Alachlor -- Ethyl 2-phenoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       0 0 0       5 Alachlor 0.28 Ethyl 2-phenoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      83 0 0       5 Alachlor 1.12 Ethyl 2-phenoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      96 33  30        23 Alachlor 4.48 Ethyl 2-phenoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylat      e 98 88  88        90 Alachlor -- Allyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      0 0 0 -- Alachlor 0.28 Allyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxy      late 83 0 5 -- Alachlor 1.12 Allyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolec      arboxylate 96 13  10        -- Alachlor 4.48 Allyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       98 23  20        -- Alachlor -- 2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid  0      0 10  20 Alachlor 0.28 2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic      acid 83 10  13        35 Alachlor 1.12 2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid      96 10  10        38 Alachlor 4.48 2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid      98 18  18        40 Alachlor -- Isopropyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxyla      te       0 0 5 30 Alachlor 0.28 Isopropyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazoleca      rboxylate 83 0 0 20 Alachlor 1.12 Isopropyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-      thiazolecarboxylate 96 0 10        30 Alachlor 4.48 Isopropyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxy      late 98 23  28        58 Alachlor -- β                                    trichloroethyl       2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0 0 5  13 Alachlor      0.28 β      trichloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 93 10      13        30 Alachlor 1.12 β                                              tr      ichloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 93 5 13      23 Alachlor 4.48 β      trichloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 96 20      20        23 Alachlor -- Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       0 0 13        22 Alachlor 0.28 Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylat      e 85 0 15        23 Alachlor 1.12 Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylat      e 98 55  40        50 Alachlor 4.48 Methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylat      e 98 83  65        63 Alachlor -- Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate       0 0 13        20 Alachlor 0.28 Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylat      e 85 0 15        23 Alachlor 1.12 Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylat      e 98 30  35        45 Alachlor 4.48 Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylat      e 98 80  65        63 Alachlor -- Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxy      late  0 0 10        20 Alachlor 0.28 Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarbo      xylate 85 0 10        23 Alachlor 1.12 Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarbo      xylate 97 55  45        63 Alachlor 4.48 Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarbo      xylate 98 78  63        63 Alachlor -- β                                  chloroethyl      2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0 0 18  48 Alachlor      0.28 β      chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 85 10  23      50 Alachlor 1.12 β      chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 98 30  40      65 Alachlor 4.48 β      chloroethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 98 75  65      70 Alachlor -- Ethyl 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0      0 15        30 Alachlor 0.28 Ethyl 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      85 18  28        55 Alachlor 1.12 Ethyl 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      98 40  43        68 Alachlor 4.48 Ethyl 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      98 75  65        68 Alachlor -- Ethyl 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0      0 15        60 Alachlor 0.28 Ethyl 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      85 20  30        73 Alachlor 1.12 Ethyl 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      98 45  45        80 Alachlor 4.48 Ethyl 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate      98 80  63         85 Alachlor -- p-Chlorophenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecar      boxylate  0 0 0       0 Alachlor 0.28 p-Chlorophenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarb      oxylate 60 0 0       5 Alachlor 1.12 p-Chlorophenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarb      oxylate 90 15  10        13 Alachlor 4.48 p-Chlorophenyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazoleca      rboxylate 99 78  45        25 Alachlor -- Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxy      late  0 0 0       5 Alachlor 0.28 Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxy      late 83 10  10        18 Alachlor 1.12 Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarbo      xylate 93 48  40        50 Alachlor 4.48 Butoxyethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarbo      xylate 99 70  60        45 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide --      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0 0 0 25      2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide 0.28      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 40 20  10  20      2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide 1.12      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 83 45  45  30      2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide 4.48      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 97 80  75  55      2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide -- Benzyl      2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate  0 0 0       3 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide 0.28      Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 43 5 5  8      2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide 1.12      Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 85 55  33  40      2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide 4.48      Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate 99 83  80      75

As noted, selected weed species were planted as a control to determine the efficiency of the herbicide. At rates between 0.28 and 1.12 kilograms per hectare, weed inhibition ranged from 80 to 100 percent.

EXAMPLE 9

A good grade of top soil is placed in a container and compacted to a depth of approximately 1.27 cm. from the top of said container. A predetermined number of sorghum, rice, corn, barnyard grass and foxtail seeds are applied to the soil surface. The seeds are then covered with top soil that had been treated with the herbicide and safening agent by applying said herbicide and safening agent to the soil and incorporating the herbicide and safening agent therein. The plants are observed at the end of approximately 19 days and the results in terms of percent inhibition recorded. Table XVII summarizes the results of tests conducted in accordance with Example 9.

                                      TABLE XVII                                   __________________________________________________________________________                                                  Percent Inhibition                                                                        Barn-                                      Rate                 Rate           yard                                                                               Fox-               Herbicide           (kg/h)                                                                             Safening Agent   (kg/h)                                                                             Rice                                                                              Sorghum                                                                             Corn                                                                              Grass                                                                              tail               __________________________________________________________________________     N--(ethoxymethyl)-N--(2-ethyl-6-methyl-                                                            0.28                                                                                   --           --  80 63   35 99  99                 1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide                                           N--(ethoxy-methyl)-N--(2-ethyl-6-methyl-                                                           2.24                                                                                   --           --  100                                                                               98   94 100 100                1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide                                           N--(ethoxymethyl)-N--(2-ethyl-6-methyl-                                                            0.28                                                                               Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96                                                                               65  8    0 99  99                 1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide                                                                   5-thiazolecarboxylate                                  N--(ethoxymethyl)-N--(2-ethyl-6-methyl-                                                            2.24                                                                               Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96                                                                               98 53   20 100 100                1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide                                                                   5-thiazolecarboxylate                                  N--(ethoxymethyl)-N--(2,5-dimethyl-                                                                0.28                                                                                   --           --  35 18   10 99  99                 1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide                                          N--(ethoxymethyl)-N--(2,5-dimethyl-                                                                2.24                                                                                   --           --  98 40   35 100 100                1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide                                          N--(ethoxymethyl)-N--(2,5-dimethyl-                                                                0.28                                                                               Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96                                                                               30  0    0 99  99                 1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide                                                                  5-thiazolecarboxylate                                  N--(ethoxymethyl)-N--(2,5-dimethyl-                                                                2.24                                                                               Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-                                                               8.96                                                                               85 15   10 99  99                 1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide                                                                  5-thiazolecarboxylate                                  __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 10

Two rows of each crop and weed were seeded at 1.86 to 3.1 cm. depth in Ray silt loam soil. The soil is then treated with the herbicide and safening agent. Approximately 19 days later, the plants were observed and the results recorded. Table XVIII summarizes the results of tests conducted in accordance with Example 10.

                                      TABLE XVIII                                  __________________________________________________________________________                                      Percent Inhibition                                                                                 Barn-                                   Rate           Rate           Jimson                                                                             Morning                                                                             yard                                                                               Pani-                                                                             Fox-               Herbicide     (kg/h)                                                                             Safening Agent                                                                            (kg/h)                                                                             Corn                                                                              Sorghum                                                                             Rice                                                                              weed                                                                               Glory                                                                               Grass                                                                              cum                                                                               tail               __________________________________________________________________________     Alachlor      4.48                                                                                  --      --  28 77   100                                                                               89  52   100 100                                                                               100                Alachlor      4.48                                                                               Ethyl 2-chloro-                                                                           2.24                                                                               13 33   100                                                                               93  60   100 100                                                                               100                                  4-trifluoromethyl-                                                             5-thiazolecarboxylate                                        2-Chloro-N--(2-methyoxy-                                                                     4.48                                                                                  --      --  62 87   100                                                                               92  42   100 100                                                                               100                1-methylethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-                                                     acetotoluidide                                                                 2-Chloro-N--(2-methyoxy-                                                                     4.48                                                                               Ethyl 2-chloro-                                                                           2.24                                                                               23 28   100                                                                               90  40   100 100                                                                               100                1-methylethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-                                                                       4-trifluoromethyl-                                           acetotoluidide    5-thiazolecarboxylate                                        2-Chloro-N--(ethoxy-                                                                         3.36                                                                                  --      --  60 89   100                                                                               99  65   100 100                                                                               100                methyl)-6'-ethyl-o-                                                            acetotoluidide                                                                 2-Chloro-N--(ethoxy                                                                          3.36                                                                               Ethyl 2-chloro-                                                                           2.24                                                                               32 63   100                                                                               99  70   100 100                                                                               100                methyl-60'-ethyl-o-                                                                              4-trifluoromethyl-                                           acetotoluidide    5-thiazolecarboxylate                                        __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 11

Sorghum seeds were treated with a solution of the appropriate safening agent in dichloromethane. The solvent was evaporated which left only the safening agent on the seed. Untreated and treated sorghum seeds were planted in pots. 1.27 cm. deep soil cover layer was placed on the preseeded pots. The soil surface was then treated with the herbicide. Approximately 19 days later, the results were observed and recorded. Table XIX summarizes the results observed when tests were conducted in accordance with Example 11.

                                      TABLE XIX                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                        Percent Sorghum Inhibition                                     Rate of         Seed Treatment Concentration (grams                                            of                                                             Herbicide       safening agent/kilogram of seed)            Herbicide          (kg/h)                                                                               Safening Agent  0     1.25                            __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR2##            0 0.28 1.12 4.48   0 0.28 1.12 4.48                                                Ethyl 2-chloro-4- trifluoromethyl-5- thiazolecarb                              oxylate Benzyl 2-chloro-4- trifluoromethyl-5-                                  thiazolecarboxylate                                                                            0  96  0  10  80  96  0  0  55                                                       78                               ##STR3##            0 0.28 1.12 4.48   0 0.28 1.12 4.48                                                Ethyl 2-chloro-4- trifluoromethyl-5- thiazolecarb                              oxylate Benzyl 2-chloro-4- trifluoromethyl-5-                                  thiazolecarboxylate                                                                            0  95  0  65  88 100  0  38  85                                                      100                              ##STR4##            0 0.28 1.12 4.48   0 0.28 1.12 4.48                                                Ethyl 2-chloro-4- trifluoromethyl-5- thiazolecarb                              oxylate Benzyl 2-chloro-4- trifluoromethyl-5-                                  thiazolecarboxylate                                                                            0  42  0  0  0  18  0  0   0          __________________________________________________________________________                                                    10                         

EXAMPLE 12

A mixture of 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide and the safening agent was applied to corn, rice and sorghum to determine the safening effect. As before, the herbicide and safening agent were also applied separately and the safening effect determined. The results are summarized in Table XX.

                                      TABLE XX                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                 Rate of Safening                                                                        Rate of Herbicide                         Safening Agent              Agent (kg/h)                                                                            (kg/h)   Crop  Safening                   __________________________________________________________________________                                                         Effect                     Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                     8.96     0.28     Sorghum                                                                              75                             "                       8.96     1.12     Sorghum                                                                              8                              "                       8.96     4.48     Sorghum                                                                              9                          Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                     8.96     0.28     Rice  5                              "                       8.96     1.12     Rice  0                              "                       8.96     4.48     Rice  0                          Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                     8.96     0.28     Corn  0                              "                       8.96     1.12     Corn  10                             "                       8.96     4.48     Corn  20                                                                               (30% inhibition              "                                                 reduced to 10%)          Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96     0.28     Sorghum                                                                              70                             "                       8.96     1.12     Sorghum                                                                              18                             "                       8.96     4.48     Sorghum                                                                              1                          Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96     0.28     Rice  10                             "                       8.96     1.12     Rice  0                              "                       8.96     4.48     Rice  0                          Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96     0.28     Corn  0                              "                       8.96     1.12     Corn  10                             "                       8.96     4.48     Corn  20                                                                               (30% inhibition              "                                                 reduced to               __________________________________________________________________________                                                           10%)                

EXAMPLE 13

A mixture of 2-chloro-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide and the safening agent were tested in accordance with the procedure of Example 12. Results are summarized in Table XXI.

                                      TABLE XXI                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                 Rate of Safening Agent                                                                     Rate of Herbicide                      Safening Agent              (kg/h)      (kg/h)    Crop Safening                __________________________________________________________________________                                                            Effect                  Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                     8.96        0.28      Sorghum                                                                             65                          "                       8.96        1.12      Sorghum                                                                             98                          "                       8.96        4.48      Sorghum                                                                             20                      Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                     8.96        0.28      Rice 0                           "                       8.96        1.12      Rice 9                           "                       8.96        4.48      Rice 5                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                     8.96        0.28      Corn 0                           "                       8.96        1.12      Corn 0                           "                       8.96        4.48      Corn 15                      Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96        0.28      Sorghum                                                                             65                          "                       8.96        1.12      Sorghum                                                                             98                          "                       8.96        4.48      Sorghum                                                                             45                      Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96        0.28      Rice 0                           "                       8.96        1.12      Rice 0                           "                       8.96        4.48      Rice 0                       Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96        0.28      Corn 0                           "                       8.96        1.12      Corn 0                           "                       8.96        4.48      Corn 15                      __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 14

A mixture of 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N-(propoxymethyl)acetanilide and ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate was applied to the soil surface which had been preseeded with the appropriate crop and weed. The results are summarized in Table XXII.

                                      TABLE XXII                                   __________________________________________________________________________                                 % Inhibition                                       Rate of Herbicide                                                                           Rate of Safening Agent                                                                        Yellow                                             (kg/h)       (kg/h)         Nutsedge Foxtail                                                                             Lambsquarters                                                                          Rice                                                                               Sorghum                                                                             Corn                __________________________________________________________________________     --           2.24            0        0    0       0   0    0                  4.48         0              100      100  100     100 100  97                  4.48         2.24           100      100  100     100 98   75                  __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 15

A procedure similar to Example 1 is repeated utilizing benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate as the safening agent. Observations were recorded approximately 17 days after treatment. Results are summarized in Table XXIII below.

                                      TABLE XXIII                                  __________________________________________________________________________                                                  Rate of Safening                                                                         % Inhibition            Herbicide                        Rate of Safening (kg/h)                                                                    Agent (kg/h)                                                                             Corn                                                                              Sorghum              __________________________________________________________________________     2-chloro-N--(ethoxymethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                            1.12        --        25 99                   2-chloro-N--(ethoxymethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                            0.28        --        13 99                   2-chloro-N--(ethoxymethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                            1.12        8.96       5 23                   2-chloro-N--(ethoxymethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                            0.28        8.96       0 15                   2-chloro-2'-methyl-2'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide                                                  1.12        --        78 99                   2-chloro-2'-methyl-2'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide                                                  0.28        --        63 82                   2-chloro-2'-methyl-2'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide                                                  1.12        8.96      35 15                   2-chloro-2'-methyl-2'-methoxy-N--(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide                                                  0.28        8.96      18 13                   2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoro-methyl-N--(ethyoxymethyl)acetanilide                                            1.12        --         5 99                   2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoro-methyl-N--(ethyoxymethyl)acetanilide                                            0.28        --         0 82                   2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoro-methyl-N--(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide                                             1.12        8.96       5 33                   2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoro-methyl-N--(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide                                             0.28        8.96       0 10                   __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 16

Sorghum seeds were treated with an 80% powder formulation of benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate and then planted in field plots. Herbicide was applied to the soil as a pre-emergent and observations made about 6 weeks later. Tables XXIV and XXV summarize the results.

                                      TABLE XXIV                                   __________________________________________________________________________                                     Rate        % Sorghum Inhibition                                               of   % Inhibition                                                                          Seed Treatment Concentration                                                   (grams                                                             Herbicide                                                                           Fox-                                                                              Pig-                                                                               safening agent/kilograms of                                                    seed)                              Herbicide                       (kg/h)                                                                              tail                                                                              weed                                                                               0         0.125                    __________________________________________________________________________     2-chloro-N--(ethoxymethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                           1.12 100                                                                               100 17        0                            "                           2.24 100                                                                               100 27        10                           "                           4.48 100                                                                               100 13        7                        2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoro-methyl-N--(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide                                            1.12 100                                                                                99  3        7                            "                           2.24 100                                                                                99  5        0                            "                           4.48 100                                                                                99 40        12                       __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE XXV                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                                 % Corn Inhibition                                                              Seed Treatment Concentration                                                   (grams                                                       Rate of Herbicide                                                                       % Inhibition                                                                            safening agent/kilograms of                                                    seed)                              Herbicide                 (kg/h)   Foxtail                                                                            Pigweed                                                                             0         0.125                    __________________________________________________________________________     2-chloro-N--(ethoxymethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide                                                     1.12      99 100  40        35                                                 2.24     100 100  43        17                                                 4.48     100 100  50        43                       __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 17

Tests were conducted in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 wherein the herbicide used was 2-chloro-2'-isobutoxy-6'-methyl-N-(propoxymethyl)acetanilide on sorghum, corn and rice. Results are illustrated in Table XXVI.

                                      TABLE XXVI                                   __________________________________________________________________________                                Rate of Safening Agent                                                                     Rate of Herbicide                       Safening Agent             (kg/h)      (kg/h)    Crop Safening                 __________________________________________________________________________                                                           Effect                   Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96        0.28      Sorghum                                                                             90                           "                      8.96        1.12      Sorghum                                                                             35                           "                      8.96        4.48      Sorghum                                                                             10                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96        0.28      Corn 45                           "                      8.96        1.12      Corn 20                           "                      8.96        4.48      Corn  0                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96        0.28      Rice  0                           "                      8.96        1.12      Rice  0                           "                      8.96        4.48      Rice  0                       Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96        0.28      Sorghum                                                                             90                           "                      8.96        1.12      Sorghum                                                                             55                           "                      8.96        4.48      Sorghum                                                                             30                       Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96        0.28      Corn 45                           "                      8.96        1.12      Corn 35                           "                      8.96        4.48      Corn 43                       Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96        0.28      Rice  0                           "                      8.96        1.12      Rice  0                           "                      8.96        4.48      Rice  0                       __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 18

Tests were conducted in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 wherein the herbicide used was 2-chloro-2-isobutoxy-6'-ethyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide on sorghum, corn and rice. Results are illustrated in Table XXVII.

                                      TABLE XXVII                                  __________________________________________________________________________                                Rate of Safening Agent                                                                     Rate of Herbicide                       Safening Agent             (kg/h)      (kg/h)    Crop Safening                 __________________________________________________________________________                                                           Effect                   Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96        0.28      Sorghum                                                                             65                           "                      8.96        1.12      Sorghum                                                                             72                           "                      8.96        4.48      Sorghum                                                                             29                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96        0.28      Corn 40                           "                      8.96        1.12      Corn 45                           "                      8.96        4.48      Corn 19                       Ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                    8.96        0.28      Rice  0                           "                      8.96        1.12      Rice 97                           "                      8.96        4.48      Rice  0                       Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96        0.28      Sorghum                                                                             90                           "                      8.96        1.12      Sorghum                                                                             67                           "                      8.96        4.48      Sorghum                                                                             14                       Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96        0.28      Corn 60                           "                      8.96        1.12      Corn 60                           "                      8.96        4.48      Corn 35                       Benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate                                                   8.96        0.28      Rice  0                           "                      8.96        1.12      Rice  0                           "                      8.96        4.48      Rice  0                       __________________________________________________________________________

The above examples illustrate that the thiazolecarboxylates of the present invention are useful in reducing herbicidal injury to crop plants, especially sorghum and rice. The safening agents may be applied to the plant locus as a mixture, i.e., a mixture of a herbicidally effective amount of acetamide herbicide and a safening effective amount of safening agent, or sequentially, i.e., the plant locus may be treated with an effective amount of the herbicide followed by a treatment with the safening agent or vice versa. The ratio of herbicide to safening agent may vary depending upon the crop to be protected, weeds to be inhibited, herbicide used, etc., but normally a herbicide to safening agent ratio ranging from 1:25 to 25:1 (preferably 1:5 to 5:1) parts by weight may be employed.

The herbicide, safening agent or mixture thereof may be applied to the plant locus alone or the herbicide, safening agent or mixture thereof may be applied in conjunction with a material referred to in the art as an adjuvant in liquid or solid form. Mixtures containing the appropriate herbicide and safening agent usually are prepared by admixing said herbicide and safening agent with an adjuvant including diluents, extenders, carriers and conditioning agents to provide compositions in the form of finely-divided particulate solids, granules, pellets, wettable powders, dusts, solutions and aqueous dispersions or emulsions. Thus, the mixture may include an adjuvant such as a finely-divided particulate solid, a solvent liquid of organic origin, water, a wetting agent, dispersing agent, or emulsifying agent or any suitable combination of these.

When applying the herbicide, safening agent or mixture thereof to the plant locus, useful finely-divided solid carriers and extenders include, for example, the talcs, clays, pumice, silica, diatomaceous earth, quartz, Fullers earth, sulfur, powdered cork, powdered wood, walnut flour, chalk, tobacco dust, charcoal and the like. Typical liquid diluents useful include for example, Stoddard solvent, acetone, alcohols, glycols, ethyl acetate, benzene and the like. Such compositions, particularly liquids and wettable powders, usually contain as a conditioning agent one or more surface-active agents in amounts sufficient to render a given composition readily dispersible in water or in oil. By the term "surface-active agent", it is understood that wetting agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents and emulsifying agents are included therein. Such surface-active agents are well known and reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 2,547,724, Columns 3 and 4, for detailed examples of the same.

Compositions of this invention generally contain from about 5 to 95 parts herbicide and safening agent, about 1 to 50 parts surface-active agent and about 4 to 94 parts solvent, all parts being by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

The application of the herbicide, safening agent or mixture thereof in a liquid or particulate solid form can be carried out by conventional techniques utilizing, for example, spreaders, power dusters, boom and hand sprayers, spray dusters and granular applications. The compositions can also be applied from airplanes as a dust or spray. If desired, application of the compositions of the invention to plants can be accomplished by incorporating the compositions in the soil or other media.

The above examples also illustrate that the crop may be protected by treating the crop seed with an effective amount of safening agent prior to planting. Generally, small amounts of safening agents are required to treat such seeds. Table XVI illustrates that a weight ratio of as little as 0.6 parts of safener per 1000 parts of seed may be effective. The amount of safener utilized in treating the seed may be increased if desired. Generally, however, a weight ratio of safening agent to seed weight may range from 0.1 to 10.0 parts of safening agent per 1000 parts of seed. The determination of the effective amount of safening agent required is well within the skill of the art.

Since only a very small amount of active safening agent is usually required for the seed treatment, the compound preferably is formulated as a powder or an emulsifiable concentrate which can be diluted with water by the seed treater for use in the seed treating apparatus. Of course, under certain conditions, it may be desirable to dissolve the safening agent in an organic solvent for use as a seed treatment or the pure compound alone may be used under properly controlled conditions.

There are thus also provided by this invention novel seed treating compositions containing one or more of the described active safening agents intimately dispersed in an inert carrier or diluent for the intended use. Such carriers may be either solids, such as talc, clay, diatomaceous earth, sawdust, calcium carbonate, and the like or liquids such as water, kerosene, acetone, benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like in which the active agent may be either dissolved or dispersed. Emulsifying agents are advisably used to achieve a suitable emulsion if two immiscible liquids are used as a carrier. Wetting agents may also be used to aid in dispersing the active safening agent in liquids used as a carrier in which the agent is not completely soluble. Emulsifying agents and wetting agents are sold under numerous tradenames and may be either pure compounds, mixtures of compounds of the same general groups, or they may be mixtures of compounds of different classes. Typical satisfactory surface-active agents which may be used are alkali metal higher alkylarylsulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and the sodium salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids, fatty alcohol sulfates such as the sodium salts of monoesters of sulfuric acid with n-aliphatic alcohols containing 8-18 carbon atoms, long chain quaternary ammonium compounds, sodium salts of petroleum-derived alkylsulfonic acids, polyethylene sorbitan monooleate, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, water-soluble lignin sulfonate salts, alkalicasein compositions, long chain alcohols usually containing 10-18 carbon atoms, and condensation products of ethylene oxide with fatty acids, alkylphenols and mercaptans.

PREPARATION OF THE SAFENING AGENTS

The 2,4-disubstituted-5-thiazolecarboxylic acids and derivatives of the foregoing formula may be prepared generally utilizing one of two procedures. The first method encompasses the preparation of 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4-substituted-5-thiazolecarboxylates by reacting portions of β-aminoacrylates and chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride. Crystallization of the resulting mixture from hexane yields the appropriate 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4-substituted-5-thiazolecarboxylate which may be converted to the appropriate 2-chloro-4-substituted-5-thiazolecarboxylate by reaction with excess phosphorus oxychloride. Excess phosphorus oxychloride is removed under reduced pressure and the residue poured into ice water. Extraction with ether and washing with 5% sodium hydroxide results in the 2-chloro-4-substituted-5-thiazolecarboxylate. For purposes of clarification, this method is summarized by the following scheme: ##STR5##

β-aminoacrylates may be prepared according to known procedures such as that specified in Lutz et al, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume 9, Page 513 (1972) or they may be prepared by mixing 0.5 moles of ethyl acetoacetate or methyl acetoacetate in 200 ml. of methanol and 100 ml. of saturated sodium acetate and passing through the appropriate nitrile (perfluorinated if R is to be perfluorinated) for several hours. The reaction mixture is poured into ice water and the organic layer extracted with ether. The ether solution is dried and concentrated and the residue distilled. A mixture of about 0.1 mole of said residue and 50 ml. of 30% ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide is stirred for a long period. The reaction mixture is extracted with methylene chloride and the methylene chloride extracts dried and concentrated. Fractional distillation of the residue results in the β-aminoacrylate.

In order to more fully illustrate the manner in which the 2,4-disubstituted-5-thiazolecarboxylates of the present invention are prepared, the following examples are presented.

EXAMPLE 17 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate A mixture of 13.0 g (0.0992 mole) of chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride, 17 g (0.0928 mole) of ethyl 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate and 50 ml. of chlorobenzene was heated at 135° C. for 2 hours, cooled and triturated with 200 ml. of petroleum ether. The light yellow precipitate was recrystallized from hexane-ether to give 12.2 g (55%) of white prisms, m.p. 121°-123° C., which was identified as ethyl 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate. A mixture of 10 g (0.0415 mole) of ethyl 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, 30 ml. of POCl₃ and 1 ml. of dimethylformamide was held at reflux for 87 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into 500 ml. of ice water and extracted three times with 60 ml. of ether. The ether solution was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 10.2 g of light yellow solid, m.p. 57°-60° C., which was recrystallized from hexane to give 9.95 g (92.4%) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate as light yellow solid, m.p. 58°-59° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₇ H₅ F₃ ClNO₂ S: C, 32.38; H, 1.94; N, 5.40. Found: C, 32.33; H, 1.98; N, 5.35.

EXAMPLE 18 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Chloro-4-Pentafluoroethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

To a stirred mixture of 65 g (0.4995 mole) of ethyl acetoacetate, 200 ml. of methanol and 100 ml. of saturated sodium acetate at 50° C. was introduced 100 g (0.769 mole) of pentafluoropropionitrile in 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into 1200 ml. of water. An oil separated from the reaction mixture. The aqueous solution was extracted with ether. The ether solution was combined with the oil, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was distilled to give 40 g (37%) of ethyl 2-acetyl-3-amino-4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2-pentenoate. A mixture of 21.8 g (0.0790 mole) of ethyl 2-acetyl-3-amino-4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2-pentenoate and 75 ml. of 58% ammonium hydroxide was stirred for 66 hours. The reaction mixture was extracted with ether. The ether solution was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was distilled to give 16.3 g (88%) of ethyl 3-amino-4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2-pentenoate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4011. A well stirred mixture of 54 g (0.23 mole) of ethyl 3-amino-4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2-pentenoate and 31 g (0.237 mole) of chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride was held at 100° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled and triturated with hexane. The solid precipitate was washed with water and recrystallized from hexane-ether to give 31 g (46%) of ethyl 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-pentafluoroethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, m.p. 95°-97° C. A mixture of 10 g (0.0344 mole) of ethyl 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-pentafluoroethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, 4 g (0.0506 mole) of pyridine and 150 ml. of phosphorus oxychloride was held at reflux for 18 hours. Excess phosphorus oxychloride was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with water and extracted with ether. The ether solution was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was distilled to give 7.5 g (71%) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-pentafluoroethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4460.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₈ H₅ ClF₅ NO₂ S: C, 31.03; H, 1.63; N, 4.52. Found: C, 30.62; H, 1.18; N, 5.08.

EXAMPLE 19 Preparation of Methyl 2-Chloro-4-Heptafluoropropyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

The procedure of Example 18 was repeated utilizing methyl acetoacetate in lieu of ethyl acetoacetate and heptafluorobutyronitrile in lieu of pentafluoropropionitrile to prepare 0.3 g of methyl 2-chloro-4-heptafluoropropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate as a colorless liquid; n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4352.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₈ H₃ ClF₇ NO₂ S: C, 27.80; H, 0.87; N, 4.05. Found: C, 27.42; H, 0.87; N, 4.03.

EXAMPLE 20 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Chloro-4-Trichloromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

To 130.14 g (1.00 mole) of ethyl acetoacetate was added 1.5 g of sodium. The reaction temperature increased spontaneously to 50° C. The reaction mixture was cooled with an ice bath. To the cooled reaction mixture was added, with vigorous stirring at 30°-50° C., 144.3 g (1.00 mole) of trichloroacetonitrile in 30 minutes. After complete addition of the trichloroacetonitrile, the reaction mixture was cooled with a dry ice bath. No precipitate of the ethyl 2-acetyl-3-amino-4,4,4-trichlorocrotonate formed. Part of the above product was stirred with 100 ml. of concentrated 28-30% ammonium hydroxide for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then extracted with ether. The ether solution was dried (CaSO₄) and concentrated to give 180 g (82.5%) of crude ethyl 3-amino-4,4,4-trichlorocrotonate. Part of this crude material (20 g) was distilled at 0.5 mm Hg to give 11.7 g of pure product, m.p. 91°-95° C. To a cold (10° C.) solution of 21.8 g (0.0937 mole) of crude ethyl 3-amino-4,4,4-trichlorocrotonate in 15 ml. of chlorobenzene was added 13.5 g (0.103 mole) of chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride. The reaction temperature rose spontaneously to 35° C. after the ice water bath was removed. The reaction mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 1 hour, cooled and triturated with petroleum ether to give 10.3 g (38%) of ethyl 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-trichloromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, m.p. 109°-110° C. A mixture of 14.5 g (0.05 mole) of ethyl 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-trichloromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, 10.4 g (0.05 mole) of phosphorus pentachloride, and 100 ml. of phosphorus oxychloride was held at reflux for 7 days. Excess phosphorus oxychloride was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with ice water and the aqueous mixture was extracted with ether. The ether solution was extracted with 10% sodium hydroxide, dried (CaSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3.2 g of oil which was chromatographed on silica gel using 5% ethyl acetate-petroleum ether as eluant. The first 1.2 l. of eluant gave 2.27 g of solid which was recrystallized from petroleum ether at low temperature to give 2.13 g (13.8%) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-trichloromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, m.p. 42.5°-43.5° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₇ H₅ Cl₄ NO₂ S: C, 27.18; H, 1.62; N, 4.53; Cl, 45.86. Found: C, 27.27; H, 1.66; N, 4.53; Cl, 45.89.

Various esters may be prepared by reacting the compound of Example 11 with sodium hydroxide to form the free acid and then forming the acid chloride by reaction with thionyl chloride. Reaction of the acid chloride with an alcohol results in the desired ester.

EXAMPLE 21 Preparation of 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylic Acid

A mixture of 116 g (0.4468 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, 18 g (0.45 mole) of sodium hydroxide, 200 ml. of water, 400 ml. of tetrahydrofuran was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours and made acidic with 50 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was extracted twice with 200 ml. of ether. The ether-tetrahydrofuran solution was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual oil was treated with benzene and the benzene solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the last trace of water. The residual solid was recrystallized from hexane-benzene to give 76 g (73.4%) of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid, m.p. 131°-131.5° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₅ H₁ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 25.92; H, 0.47; Cl, 15.31; N, 6.05. Found: C, 26.07; H, 0.52; Cl, 15.64; N, 6.10.

EXAMPLE 22 Preparation of 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylic Acid Chloride

A mixture of 36.0 g (0.1554 mole) of the acid of Example 17 and 171 g (1.437 mole) of thionyl chloride were held at reflux for 6 hours. Excess thionyl chloride was removed under reduced pressure and the residue (38.1 g, 98%) was reacted as described in Examples 19-31.

EXAMPLE 23 Preparation of Isopropyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

The acid chloride of Example 18 (5.2 g), and 10 g of isopropanol were held at reflux for 16 hours. Excess alcohol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 50 ml. of ether. The ether solution was washed with sodium bicarbonate, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was distilled at 1 mm. on a Kugelrohr to give 4.9 g (86%) of the desired product as colorless liquid, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4655.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₈ H₇ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 35.10; H, 2.58; N, 5.12; Cl, 12.96. Found: C, 35.15; H, 2.62; N, 5.11; Cl, 12.90.

EXAMPLE 24 Preparation of Benzyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

The procedure of Example 23 was repeated utilizing benzyl alcohol in lieu of isopropanol to give 2.85 g of a white solid, m.p. 56°-58° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₂ H₇ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 44.80; H, 2.19; N, 4.35; Cl, 11.02. Found: C, 44.86; H, 2.19; N, 4.34; Cl, 11.09.

EXAMPLES 25-35

Utilizing the appropriate alcohol and the procedure of Example 19, the following compounds have been prepared.

2,2,2-Trichloroethyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.5094.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₇ H₇ Cl₄ F₃ NO₂ S: C, 23.16; H, 0.56; N, 3.86; Cl, 38.95. Found: C, 23.24; H, 0.62; N, 3.92; Cl, 38.96.

2-Butoxyethyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4683.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₁ H₁₃ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 39.82; H, 3.95; N, 4.22; Cl, 10.68. Found: C, 40.07; H, 3.87; N, 4.22; Cl, 11.53.

2-Chloroethyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4965.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₇ H₄ Cl₂ F₃ NO₂ S: C, 28.59; H, 1.37; N, 4.76; Cl, 24.11. Found: C, 28.67; H, 1.40; N, 4.76; Cl, 24.06.

n-Butyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4685.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₉ H₉ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 37.57; H, 3.15; N, 4.87. Found: C, 37.54; H, 3.17; N, 4.90.

n-Hexyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4657.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₁ H₁₃ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 41.84; H, 4.15; N, 4.44. Found: C, 41.86; H, 4.15; N, 4.43.

n-Octyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4658.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₃ H₁₇ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 45.42; H, 4.98; N, 4.07. Found: C, 45.58; H, 5.05; N, 4.04.

Phenyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Triazolecarboxylate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.5389.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₁ H₅ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 42.94; H, 1.64; N, 4.55. Found: C, 42.97; H, 1.67; N, 4.58.

p-Chlorophenyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.5552.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₁ H₄ Cl₂ F₃ NO₂ S: C, 38.60; H, 1.17; N, 4.09. Found: C, 39.08; H, 1.00. N, 4.09.

Allyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate, b.p. 68° C. at 0.1 mm; n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4816.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₈ H₅ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 35.37; H, 1.86; N, 5.16. Found: C, 35.50; H, 1.93; N, 5.22.

Methyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate. The residue was crystallized at low temperature from hexane to give 3.25 g (95%) of methyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate as light yellow prisms, m.p. 32°-34° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₆ H₃ F₃ NO₃ S: C, 31.72; H, 1.77; N, 6.17. Found: C, 31.88; H, 1.80; N, 6.20.

Propargyl 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

A mixture of 4.63 g (0.02 mole) of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid, 2.42 g (0.02 mole) of propargyl bromide, 2.59 g (0.02 mole) of diisopropylamine, and 50 ml. of methylene chloride was stirred for 16 hours. The methylene chloride solution was washed successively with diluted hydrochloric acid and saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was Kugelrohr distilled to give propargyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate as a colorless liquid.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₈ H₃ ClF₃ NO₂ S: C, 35.63; H, 1.12. Found: C, 35.59; H, 1.29.

The 2,4-disubstituted-5-thiazolecarboxylates of the invention may also be prepared in accordance with the following reaction scheme: ##STR6## In accordance with the above reaction scheme, ketoesters in chloroform are added dropwise to one equivalent of sulfuryl chloride. The reaction mixture is held at reflux for a number of hours and the chloroform removed under reduced pressure. An equimolar portion of the resultant 2-chloro-3-ketoester is added to thiourea in ethanol and held at reflux for 16-20 hours. Ethanol is then removed under reduced pressure and the residue neutralized with sodium bicarbonate solution to give a 2-amino-4-alkyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid ester. A solution of said ester in concentrated acid is diazotized at -5° to 30° C. with sodium nitrite. The resulting diazonium salt solution is poured into the corresponding cuprous halide or potassium iodide solution. After gas evolution has subsided, the reaction mixture is extracted with ether. The ether extract is dried and concentrated and the residue is purified by either Kugelrohr distillation at reduced pressure or by chromatography.

EXAMPLE 36 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Chloro-4-Ethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

Ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxo-pentanoate is prepared from ethyl 3-oxo-pentanoate and sulfuryl chloride utilizing the procedure of Bankowski et al, Rocz. Chem., Volume 49, Page 1899 (1971). A mixture of 9.2 g (0.0515 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxo-pentanoate, 3.92 g (0.0515 mole) of thiourea and 30 ml. of ethanol was held at reflux for 17 hours. Ethanol was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was treated with 300 ml. of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The solid precipitate was collected to give 11.2 g of white solid, m.p. 165°-170° C. which was recrystallized from ethanol to give 7.7 g (75%) of ethyl 2-amino-4-ethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate as colorless prisms, m.p. 177°-179° C. To a solution of 7.0 g (0.0349 mole) of ethyl 2-amino-4-ethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate and 0.2 g of CaSO₄ in 60 ml. of concentrated HCl was added dropwise a solution of NaNO₂ in 20 ml. of water in such a way that the reaction temperature did not exceed 30° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and poured into a solution of 3.5 g (0.035 mole) of cuprous chloride in 30 ml. of 6N HCl. The resulting dark blue solution was stirred for 30 minutes and extracted with ether. The ether solution was dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was Kugelrohr distilled at 2 mm. to give 4.35 g of yellow liquid which was chromatographed on silica gel to give 4.0 g (52%) of the desired product as colorless liquid, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.5189.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₈ H₁₀ ClNO₂ S: C, 43.73; H, 4.59; N, 6.38. Found: C, 43.88; H, 4.62; N, 6.34.

EXAMPLE 37 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Chloro-4-Isopropyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

Ethyl 2-chloro-4-methyl-3-oxo-pentanoate is prepared in accordance with the literature procedure discussed in Example 32. A mixture of 15.0 g (0.0799 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-methyl-3-oxo-pentanoate, 6.1 g (0.0802 mole) of thiourea and 60 ml. of ethanol was held at reflux for 21 hours. Ethanol was removed under reduced pressure and the residual oil was treated with 400 ml. of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The precipitate was collected to give 14.9 g of white solid, m.p. 172°-174° C., which was recrystallized from ethanol-water to give 13.6 g (82%) of ethyl 2-amino-4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate as white prisms, m.p. 174°-178° C. A solution of 2.14 g (0.010 mole) of ethyl 2-amino-4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate and 0.1 g of CaSO₄ in 40 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid was cooled with an ice bath. When the temperature of the reaction solution dropped below 10° C., the hydrochloride salt precipitated out of solution. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and the hydrochloride salt gradually dissolved again. To the above solution was added dropwise 1.0 g (0.0144 mole) of NaNO₂ in 10 ml. of water in 15 minutes. After completion of addition of the NaNO₂ solution, the reaction mixture was stirred for another 5 minutes. Cuprous chloride (1.0 g, 0.010 mole) was added to the above solution. A vigorous evolution of gas occurred. The dark blue mixture turned light blue after stirring for 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was extracted twice with 50 ml. of ether. The ether solution was washed successively with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate and saturated NaCl solution, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 1.8 g of oil which was crystallized from hexane to give 0.05 g of 2,2'-bis-(ethyl 4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate) as white needles, m.p. 192°-194° C.

The mother liquor was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column with Et₂ O-petroleum ether as eluant. The first fraction (using 1 l. of 1% ether-petroleum ether as eluant) contained 1.2 g of oil which was distilled on a Kugelrohr at 2 mm. (pot temperature 100°-120° C.) to give 1.15 g (49%) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-isopropyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate as a colorless liquid, n_(D) ²⁵ =1.5145.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₉ H₁₂ ClNO₂ S: C, 46.24; H, 5.18; N, 5.99. Found: C, 46.40; H, 5.22; N, 6.06.

EXAMPLE 38 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Chloro-4-t-Butyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

Utilizing ethyl 2-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-pentanoate and the procedure of Example 37, ethyl 2-chloro-4-t-butyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate is prepared.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₀ H₁₄ ClNO₂ S: C, 48.48; H, 5.70; N, 5.56. Found: C, 48.41; H, 5.73; N, 5.62.

EXAMPLE 39 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Iodo-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

To a cold (-5° C.) solution of 4.0 g (0.0166 mole) of ethyl 2-amino-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, prepared according to U.S. Pat. No. 2,726,237, in 30 ml. of 85% phosphoric acid and 30 ml. of 70% nitric acid was added a solution of 1.26 g (0.0166 mole) of sodium nitrite in 10 ml. of water in 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and poured into a solution of 10 g of potassium iodide in 100 ml. of water. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight and extracted with ether. The ether solution was dried and concentrated and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel to give 1.5 g of the desired product, m.p. 75°-76° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₇ H₅ F₃ INO₃ S: C, 23.94; H, 1.44; N, 3.99; I, 36.15. Found: C, 23.93; H, 1.44; N, 3.95; I, 36.08.

EXAMPLE 40 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Bromo-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

To a solution of 4.5 g (0.0187 mole) of ethyl 2-amino-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate in 50 ml. of 85% phosphoric acid at -10° C. was added 25 ml. of nitric acid. To this mixture was added dropwise at -10° C. to -5° C. a solution of 4.0 g (0.0579 mole) of sodium nitrite in 20 ml. of water in 30 minutes. This mixture was stirred for 10 minutes at -10° C. to -5° C. and poured into a solution of 2.70 g (0.0187 mole) of freshly prepared cuprous bromide in 20 ml. of hydrobromic acid. A vigorous evolution of gas occurred. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and diluted with water. The solid suspension was filtered and air-dried to give 4.8 g of solid which was chromatographed on silica gel using ether/petroleum ether (1:4) as eluant. The first 1 liter of eluate gave 3.7 g of solid which was recrystallized from petroleum ether to give 2.9 g (51%) of the desired product as white needles, m.p. 75.5°-76.5° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₇ H₅ BrF₃ NO₂ S: C, 27.64; H, 1.66; N, 4.61; Br, 26.28. Found: C, 27.65; H, 1.65; N, 4.61; Br, 26.27.

EXAMPLE 41 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Fluoro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

A mixture of 26 g (0.1 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, 37 g (0.55 mole) of potassium fluoride, and 0.11 g of 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-CROWN-6, Aldrich Chemical Company) was held at reflux for 23 hours. Since an analysis showed the reaction to be incomplete, another 45 g (0.77 mole) of potassium fluoride was added and the reaction mixture held at reflux for 64 hours. To said mixture, 0.15 g of 18-CROWN-6 and an additional 27 g (0.40 mole) of potassium was added and held at reflux for 22 hours. Due to poor cooling overnight some of the solvent had evaporated. The reaction mixture was cooled and 300 ml. of acetonitrile added. The acetonitrile was filtered and concentrated. The residue was Kugelrohr distilled to give 13.7 g of a material which was separated by spinning band column at 15 mm Hg to give 4.2 g of the desired product, n_(D) ²⁴ =1.4348.

Thiazolecarboxylates of the invention in which X is lower alkoxy or phenoxy or substituted phenoxy may be prepared by reacting the halogenated analogue with sodium alkoxide or phenol in the presence of potassium carbonate.

EXAMPLE 42 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Phenoxy-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

A mixture of 5.2 g (0.02 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, 1.88 g (0.02 mole) of phenol, 2.76 g (0.02 mole) of K₂ CO₃ and 50 ml. of acetone was held at reflux for 3 days. Acetone was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with water, extracted with ether. The ether solution was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual solid was heated with hexane, cooled and filtered to give 4.8 g (76%) of the desired product, m.p. 52°-54° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₃ H₁₀ F₃ NO₂ S: C, 49.21; H, 3.18; N, 4.41. Found: C, 49.27; H, 3.19; N, 4.38.

EXAMPLE 43 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Ethoxy-4-Triethoxymethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

To a warm solution of sodium ethoxide prepared from 2.0 g (0.0869 mole) of Na and 50 ml. of ethanol was added 5.2 g (0.02 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours. Ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with water and extracted with ether. The ether solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was distilled to give 2.2 g of the desired product as an oil, b.p. 115° C. at 0.1 mm; n_(D) ²⁵ =1.4776.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₅ H₂₅ NO₆ S: C, 51.86; H, 7.25; N, 4.03. Found: C, 51.36; H, 7.03; N, 4.57.

EXAMPLE 44 Preparation of Ethyl 2-Ethoxy-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

To a cold (0° C.) solution of sodium ethoxide, prepared from 0.46 g (0.02 mole) of sodium and 40 ml. of dried ethanol, was added 5.2 g (0.02 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate. A precipitate formed immediately. The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. and then poured into ice water. The precipitate was collected to give 4.2 g (78%) of the desired product as a white solid, m.p. 30.5°-31.5° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₉ H₁₀ F₃ NO₃ S: C, 40.15; H, 3.74; N, 5.20. Found: C, 40.11; H, 3.75; N, 5.19.

EXAMPLE 45 Preparation of Ethyl 2-(2',4'-Dichlorophenoxy)-4-Methyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylate

A mixture of 6.24 g (0.03 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, 4.89 g (0.03 mole) of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4.14 g (0.03 mole) of potassium carbonate and 40 ml. of acetone was held at reflux for 89 hours. Acetone was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 50 ml. of water and extracted with ether. The ether solution was washed successively with saturated sodium bicarbonate, 30 ml. of 10% sodium hydroxide and 50 ml. of water. The ether solution was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated. The residue was recrystallized from hexane to give 5.8 g (58%) of ethyl 2-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate as a white solid, m.p. 71°-73° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₃ H₁₁ Cl₂ NO₃ S: C, 47.00; H, 3.34; N, 4.22; Cl, 21.34. Found: C, 47.04; H, 3.34; N, 4.21; Cl, 21.36.

Amides are prepared by reacting the appropriate acid chloride with the appropriate amine.

EXAMPLE 46 Preparation of N,N-Diethyl-2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxamide

To a well-stirred solution of 4.0 g (0.0160 mole) of the acid chloride of Example 18 in 20 ml. of ether was added dropwise 2.34 g (0.032 mole) of diethylamine in 5 ml. of ether. The insoluble salt was filtered. The ether solution was washed with water, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from hexane at low temperature to give 4.1 g of the desired product, m.p. 40°-41° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₉ H₁₀ ClF₃ N₂ OS: C, 37.70; H, 3.51; N, 9.77; Cl, 12.38. Found: C, 37.66; H, 3.53; N, 9.78; Cl, 12.33.

Salts may be prepared by reacting of the free acid with the appropriate base.

EXAMPLE 47 Preparation of Sodium Salt of 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylic Acid, Monohydrate

A mixture of 116 g (0.4468 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, 18 g (0.45 mole) of sodium hydroxide, 200 ml. of water and 400 ml. of tetrahydrofuran was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The aqueous solution was concentrated and dried under vacuum to give the sodium salt of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, monohydrate as a white solid, m.p. 211°-215° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₅ H₂ ClF₃ NO₃ S: C, 22.10; H, 0.74; N, 5.16. Found: C, 22.14; H, 0.71; N, 5.21.

EXAMPLE 48 Preparation of Triethanolamine Salt of 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylic Acid

To a cold (5° C.) solution of 6.93 g (0.03 mole) of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid in 20 ml. of ether was added 4.47 g (0.03 mole) of triethanolamine. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and filtered to give 8.78 g (77%) of the desired product, m.p. 101°-102° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₁₁ H₁₆ ClF₃ N₂ O₅ S: C, 34.69; H, 4.23; N, 7.36. Found: C, 34.89; H, 4.07; N, 7.39.

EXAMPLE 49 Preparation of Isopropylamine Salt of 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylic Acid

To a cold (6° C.) solution of 4.55 g (0.0196 mole) of the free acid in 20 ml. of ether was added dropwise a solution of 1.16 g (0.0196 mole) of isopropylamine in 10 ml. of ether. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and the white precipitate was filtered to give 5.50 g (96.5%) of the desired product, m.p. 132°-134° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₈ H₁₀ ClF₃ N₂ O₂ S: C, 33.05; H, 3.47; N, 9.64. Found: C, 33.47; H, 3.55; N, 9.72.

EXAMPLE 50 Preparation of Diethylamine Salt of 2-Chloro-4-Trifluoromethyl-5-Thiazolecarboxylic Acid

To a cold (6° C.) solution of 6.93 g (0.03 mole) of the free acid in 20 ml. of ether was added 2.19 g (0.03 mole) of diethylamine in 100 ml. of ether. The precipitate, which formed immediately, was filtered to give 7.95 g (86.4%) of the desired product, m.p. 131°-132° C.

Anal. Calc'd. for C₉ H₁₂ ClF₃ N₂ O₂ S: C, 35.47; H, 3.97; N, 9.20. Found: C, 35.60; H, 3.97; N, 9.21.

In accordance with the novel aspects of the present invention, the thiazolecarboxylates have been found to be effective in reducing herbicidal injury to selected crop plants due to application of acetamide herbicides. A preferred embodiment are those thiazolecarboxylates substituted in the 4-position with a trifluoromethyl moiety. Such compounds have been found to be quite superior in their ability to reduce herbicidal injury. As illustrated in Table IX, thiazolecarboxylates substituted by a trifluoromethyl in the 4-position are clearly superior to those substituted in the 4-position by methyl in reducing herbicidal injury to sorghum. Another preferred group of thiazolecarboxylates are those substituted in the 2-position with a halogen, especially chloro. Most preferred are those thiazole alkyl esters of the thiazolecarboxylic acid having a chloro in the 2-position and a trifluoromethyl in the 4-position.

While the compounds of the invention generally tend to safen rice and sorghum crops to the herbicidal effects of acetamide herbicides, especially acetanilide herbicides, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the compounds of the invention may be used most effectively in safening sorghum against injury due to alachlor and 2-chloro-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide, especially alachlor, and rice, especially direct-seeded rice, against the herbicidal effects of butachlor.

Although this invention has been described with respect to specific modifications, the details thereof are not to be construed as limitations, for it will be apparent that various equivalents, changes and modifications may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and it is understood that such equivalent embodiments are intended to be included herein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. Crop seed, selected from the seed of sorghum, corn or rice, the plants grown from which are resistant to injury by an acetamide herbicide selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide, (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide, N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-2(-ethyl-6-methyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide, N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2,5-dimethyl-1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide, 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-6'-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide, ethyl ester of N-chloroacetyl-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine, 2-chloro-2',3'-dimethyl-N-(isopropyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2',6'-dimethyl-N-(1-pyrazolylmethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-methoxy-N-(propoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-ethoxy-N-(propoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-isobutoxy-6'-ethyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2'-isobutoxy-6'-methyl-N-(propoxymethyl)acetanilide, and 2-chloro-2'-methyl-6'-trifluoromethyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide, said crop seed coated with a safening effective amount of a compound having the formula: ##STR7## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chloro, bromo, iodo and fluoro, R is haloalkyl having one to five carbon atoms, and R' is benzyl.
 2. Seed coated according to claim 1 wherein said compound is one in which X is chloro.
 3. Seed coated according to claim 1 wherein said compound is one in which R is trifluoromethyl.
 4. Seed coated according to claim 1 wherein said compound is one in which R' is benzyl.
 5. Seed coated according to claim 1 wherein said compound is one in which X is chloro and R is trifluoromethyl.
 6. Seed coated according to claim 1 wherein said compound is one in which X is chloro, R is haloalkyl and R' is benzyl. 